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Product details
File Size: 777 KB
Print Length: 74 pages
Publisher: Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co. (May 19, 2014)
Publication Date: May 19, 2014
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B00KGD8IGO
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This book is a summary of selected asteroids of the solar system. Excluding index, its length is 60-1/2 pages.The first 8-1/2 pages are an introduction to the history of asteroid astronomy, and a little asteroid science. The prose shows an emphasis on the astronomers who made the discoveries described, and the origins of the names of the asteroids.The introductory section begins with Kepler in 1596 when he noted a large gap among the planets between Mars and Jupiter, and then the formulation of the Titius–Bode law in the latter half of the 18th century. In 1801 Piazzi discovered the first asteroid, 1 Ceres, and that was followed by a systematic search by a group of German astronomers which resulted in the discovery of the next three known asteroids, 2 Pallas, 3 Juno, and 4 Vesta (credited to Olbers, Harding, and Olbers respectively).Next the conventions adopted for the naming of new asteroids are described. This is followed by a short description of the three orbital parameters pertinent to asteroid orbits (there are six parameters for orbits in total). The three described are the semimajor axis, the orbital eccentricity, and the orbital inclination.Next the types of asteroid orbits are given, which depend on how close and how far from the sun their orbits reach (perihelion and aphelion). These various types of orbits yield the orbit categories familiar to those who have previous study of asteroids: the Amors, the Apollos, the Atens, the Centaurs, the Trojans, and the Main Belt. (those are the major types, there are also the Atiras, the Damocloids, and the Hildas). A brief description of the Kirkwood Gaps is given, and their origins. Following this description of asteroid orbital types comes the geological types which comprise the asteroids' material composition: the stony types, the carbonaceous types, the metallic types, etc.The next section, the asteroid families, probably should have been placed along with the descriptions of the orbital types. This is presented as a list of 15 prominent asteroid families, out of a known total of 76 families. Asteroid families are groups of asteroids which share similar orbits, resulting from prehistoric collisions among larger precursor asteroids. This does not mean that the members of asteroid families fly in formation around the sun; rather, they are distributed fairly evenly throughout their mean orbit. This happens because their orbits are similar enough to make it apparent that they all originated from a common point (the collision of the precursor asteroids), but over the millions of years (and millions of orbits) even the slightest differences in their individual orbital parameters become magnified and produce large spatial separations among the members (not to even mention post-collision gravitational perturbations from the planets and other asteroids, further collisions, and the cumulative effects of solar radiation pressure).Following this is a section on "asteroid collectives". Hamilton does not offer an explicit description of just what a collective is, but describes it as "relationships among named asteroids" based on the names of the astronomers who made the discoveries of the asteroids in the collective, or the names of the astronomers for which they are named. The name of the entire collective takes after the first name (given name) of the astronomer for which the first member of the collective is named. This term collective seems to be one invented by Hamilton himself.The introductory section ends with a small chart giving the spacecraft (robotic explorers) sent thus far to asteroids, their destinations, and years of launch. No info on the instrumentation used to observe the asteroids is given. A small drawing is given showing the relative sizes of the asteroids that have been visited by spacecraft. Finally, a short description is given of known asteroidal moons. Dunham is credited with having discovered the first such moon, with an arrangement of Earth-based telescopes using a stellar occultation technique. This discovery was controversial, and Hamilton describes how soon after this discovery, in a letter to Sky & Telescope magazine, Hamilton himself drew attention to a pair of co-located impact craters in Clearwater Lakes of Canada which could be terrestrial evidence of asteroidal moons.Now I will comment on this introductory section. Since its total length is some 8-1/2 pages, plainly it's quite concise and information-dense. For the novice reader I believe it would be more than a little confusing. A few drawings would have been helpful, particularly some showing the orbital types and their relationships to the planets and one another, Also helpful would be a graph showing the components of the conic section known to mathematics as the ellipse, from which the orbital parameters are derived. Hamilton does include a line showing the configuration of the L1, L2, and L3 Lagrange points using an "ASCII diagram" using dashes and alphanumerics, but a real drawing would have been much more informative. The description of the Kirkwood Gaps should have included an emphasis that these are purely statistical objects, and that there are not actual voids within the Main Belt. The Gaps are statistical in the same sense that we sometimes speak of "heat waves" or "crime waves". They are not physical waves or things, but merely statistical fluctuations in some parameter. Hamilton does give a useful description of the orbits of the Trojan asteroids of Jupiter; these are located at the L4 and L5 Lagrange points. This is all that most other asteroid books say; however, Hamilton goes on to elaborate that the asteroids located here actually orbit around the Lagrange point. Hence, they are not actually flying in formation around the sun, though they inhabit roughly the same region of space. This explains their different orbital parameters. It is also important to note that at Jupiter's distance (5.2 AU from the sun), small differences in inclination make for large distances between asteroids in the Trojans. Another useful observation by the author is that the Jovian Trojans at L4 number around 4000, whereas the Trojans at Jupiter's L5 point number only around 2000. He doesn't offer an astronomical explanation for this large difference, however. Overall, the book's intro is what an experienced reader in asteroid science would like to have: short and to-the-point. But it's too compact to be useful for beginners, except possibly as a springboard for further research.The bulk of the book is a series of paragraphs explaining the asteroids in sequence, starting with 1 Ceres and ending with 2012VP113 (in the Kupier Belt). The very first 25 are included, thereafter Hamilton skips around -- presumably omitting the uninteresting ones or the ones for which little good data are available. All entries give the asteroid's discoverer, the background on its name, and its orbital parameters. Optional info given for some may include its family and/or collective membership, dimensions, albedo, spectral type (material composition, obtained by spectroscopy), its rotational period, its moon(s), surface gravity, escape velocity, density, and orbital resonance. I emphasize that these data are not given for every asteroid listed; most entries include only a few (though the closer and larger asteroids do include more complete data, naturally).These entries are interspersed with photos showing interesting surface features. There is an index by which the reader can find a particular asteroid by its name (listed alphabetically) or by discoverer. Most of the data on the asteroids could have been presented in as a chart, rather than as prose. It would make finding asteroids with interesting parameters faster, as well as probably being easier on the eyes. Perhaps in a future edition...A word on the book's cover: this is a photo of 4 Vesta (courtesy of the Dawn space probe) superimposed over a painting of the Main Belt.I would have awarded five stars but for the minor shortcomings noted above. The essentials of asteroid science are presented; most all these data are available from the web, but for the modest cost of this book it is worth having them in handy print form.
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